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Rampart is an arcade game, released in 1990 by Atari Games and Midway Games, that combines the shoot 'em up and puzzle genres. It was first made available as an arcade game^[1] but was subsequently offered for a number of home gaming platforms. The game is considered a precursor to the tower defense genre.^[2][3]

Overview[edit]

In Rampart, the player is in control of a set of castles, which they must defend, by alternately shooting at attacking ships (or other players), and repairing any damage done to them within a time limit. Surrounding this castle is a wall, made up of small blocks, completely surrounding a region of the board. This area is considered the player's territory, and it may contain one or more castles, and any number of cannons. The maintenance of this territory is the primary focus of the game. Once the player defeats the opponent, the player can execute the commander, by walking the plank or beheading.

Gameplay[edit]

The single-player game consists of six levels. The ultimate aim is to destroy a fleet of attacking ships while repairing any damage the fort sustains.

At the start of each level, the player chooses the location of their fort from a number of options. This location is then surrounded by a wall to form a castle, which the player can then place cannons within. After this, an attacking round commences, followed by a repair round, where any damage to the castle must be repaired. If the player manages to survive the repair phase (by surrounding at least one castle within a time limit), they are given a short amount of time to place additional cannons within the walls of his fort (if space is available), after which the battle resumes.

This cycle continues until either the player fails a repair round, or enough ships in the enemy's fleet are sunk. When the opposing navy has been sufficiently depleted, the level is won, and the player may then choose another level from the island map.

Place Cannons[edit]

After starting a new game or after a successful repair round, the player may gain extra cannons (the number depending on the number of castles captured) to be placed in their territory.

In the SNES and PC versions only, the cannons gained can also be converted into powerups:

• The Balloon floats at the beginning of phase 1 to the most powerful enemy ship (for singleplayer) or cannon (for multiplayer) and converts it to the player side for the successive fighting round.
• The Supercannon is bigger than the usual cannons and fire red projectiles, which sink any ship in one hit or leave a permanent fire if they hit the landscape

Prepare for Battle[edit]

In an attacking round, the player and enemy ships fire at each other using their respective cannons. The player can sink the enemy ships, while the enemy can destroy parts of the player's perimeter. Enemy ships move around while they fire, making it necessary to lead your target like in Missile Command.

Ships come in three types:

• Single-sailed ships shoot at your walls and move around, but do little else. It takes two shots to sink one.
• Double-sailed ships require three hits to sink, and if they reach the shore they deposit grunts, small tank-like objects that multiply and move around during the repair phase. They can be shot with cannons and destroyed by surrounding them with walls, but they tend to get in the way and are capable of destroying castles if left unchecked. Grunts adjacent to walls during battle can destroy them to get inside a player's area. (In some home versions of the game, placing a wall on top of a house also creates a grunt.)
• Red ships require 5 hits to sink, and their shots leave fiery craters whenever they strike a wall. These craters must be built around during the repair phase, and each persists for three rounds. (Some home versions make this a random number of rounds.)

Later levels feature 'dark' versions of each of these ships, which are each capable of taking one additional hit before sinking.

Build and Repair[edit]

Choices - demo mac os. In the repair round, the player must repair the damage done to the wall surrounding their territory. They are presented with a random series of polyomino shapes, and must place them on the island within a time limit to keep their castles surrounded by walls. While superficially similar to Tetris shapes, these pieces have much greater variety, ranging from 1 by 1 squares that can fit almost anywhere to big plus and U-shapes. The pieces do not fall, but may be moved freely around the screen and placed in any spot but they cannot be placed on top of existing objects (walls, water, castles, cannons, grunts, craters, or the edge of the board). Pieces cannot be passed, they must be placed down before getting the next one.

At the start of the Repair phase, any territory that is not surrounded by a complete, unbroken wall is lost. By placing wall pieces, the player attempts to 'capture' territory by completing a wall around it. Before the timer expires, the player must have completed a wall around at least one castle (which may or may not be the original, 'home' castle) to survive the round and continue playing. It is also advantageous to capture previously-placed cannons, as only cannons within the player's territory may be used in the subsequent battle phase.

Multiplayer[edit]

When playing with two or three players the game is similar, except that instead of fighting against enemy ships, the players each have their own area of land separated by a river, and they shoot at each other's walls. In multiplayer mode, cannons can be destroyed if they take enough hits, there are bonus squares that are worth extra points when captured, and there are no grunts or craters, but the game is otherwise similar.

Players shoot at each other's walls during the Battle phase and try to make it difficult for them to survive the next repair round. If a player is unable to repair his wall, he must insert another credit to remain in the game, but cannot do so more than three times. Golfknight mac os. The last player remaining is the winner. If all the players remain in the game for an operator-adjustable number of rounds, they engage in a 'Final Battle' at the start of the last combat phase, and if there isn't a clear winner at the end of the following repair phase, the winner is determined based on score.

Strategy[edit]

Within Rampart each element of the game interacts with the others in subtle ways. It is generally easier to capture an unowned castle than repair the wall around a starting castle, but without the benefit of the home castle's cannons the player will have a tough time. Building close to the water will allow the player better aim, and to get more shots off during battle (each cannon may only have one cannonball in the air at once), but enemy ships will also get more shots and castles close to the water are more vulnerable to grunts. Building more cannons gives the player more shots in battle, but once placed cannons cannot be removed, and too many cannons can make it almost impossible to survive a repair phase. These tradeoffs give Rampart its charm but also make the game difficult to master.

Prepare for Battle[edit]

In an attacking round, the player and enemy ships fire at each other using their respective cannons. The player can sink the enemy ships, while the enemy can destroy parts of the player's perimeter. Enemy ships move around while they fire, making it necessary to lead your target like in Missile Command.

Ships come in three types:

• Single-sailed ships shoot at your walls and move around, but do little else. It takes two shots to sink one.
• Double-sailed ships require three hits to sink, and if they reach the shore they deposit grunts, small tank-like objects that multiply and move around during the repair phase. They can be shot with cannons and destroyed by surrounding them with walls, but they tend to get in the way and are capable of destroying castles if left unchecked. Grunts adjacent to walls during battle can destroy them to get inside a player's area. (In some home versions of the game, placing a wall on top of a house also creates a grunt.)
• Red ships require 5 hits to sink, and their shots leave fiery craters whenever they strike a wall. These craters must be built around during the repair phase, and each persists for three rounds. (Some home versions make this a random number of rounds.)

Later levels feature 'dark' versions of each of these ships, which are each capable of taking one additional hit before sinking.

Build and Repair[edit]

Choices - demo mac os. In the repair round, the player must repair the damage done to the wall surrounding their territory. They are presented with a random series of polyomino shapes, and must place them on the island within a time limit to keep their castles surrounded by walls. While superficially similar to Tetris shapes, these pieces have much greater variety, ranging from 1 by 1 squares that can fit almost anywhere to big plus and U-shapes. The pieces do not fall, but may be moved freely around the screen and placed in any spot but they cannot be placed on top of existing objects (walls, water, castles, cannons, grunts, craters, or the edge of the board). Pieces cannot be passed, they must be placed down before getting the next one.

At the start of the Repair phase, any territory that is not surrounded by a complete, unbroken wall is lost. By placing wall pieces, the player attempts to 'capture' territory by completing a wall around it. Before the timer expires, the player must have completed a wall around at least one castle (which may or may not be the original, 'home' castle) to survive the round and continue playing. It is also advantageous to capture previously-placed cannons, as only cannons within the player's territory may be used in the subsequent battle phase.

Multiplayer[edit]

When playing with two or three players the game is similar, except that instead of fighting against enemy ships, the players each have their own area of land separated by a river, and they shoot at each other's walls. In multiplayer mode, cannons can be destroyed if they take enough hits, there are bonus squares that are worth extra points when captured, and there are no grunts or craters, but the game is otherwise similar.

Players shoot at each other's walls during the Battle phase and try to make it difficult for them to survive the next repair round. If a player is unable to repair his wall, he must insert another credit to remain in the game, but cannot do so more than three times. Golfknight mac os. The last player remaining is the winner. If all the players remain in the game for an operator-adjustable number of rounds, they engage in a 'Final Battle' at the start of the last combat phase, and if there isn't a clear winner at the end of the following repair phase, the winner is determined based on score.

Strategy[edit]

Within Rampart each element of the game interacts with the others in subtle ways. It is generally easier to capture an unowned castle than repair the wall around a starting castle, but without the benefit of the home castle's cannons the player will have a tough time. Building close to the water will allow the player better aim, and to get more shots off during battle (each cannon may only have one cannonball in the air at once), but enemy ships will also get more shots and castles close to the water are more vulnerable to grunts. Building more cannons gives the player more shots in battle, but once placed cannons cannot be removed, and too many cannons can make it almost impossible to survive a repair phase. These tradeoffs give Rampart its charm but also make the game difficult to master.

Ports[edit]

Rampart has been ported to the SNES, Sega Master System, Mega Drive/Genesis, Atari Lynx, PC, Macintosh, Commodore 64, Amiga and Atari ST platforms, separate versions for Game Boy and Game Boy Color, and also separate versions for the Nintendo Entertainment System and the Famicom. MegaTech gave the Mega Drive version 90% and a Hyper Game Award, saying that it was a 'superb blend of different game styles'.^[4] The NES, SNES and PC versions were all done by a group 'Bitmasters', and the NES version was going to be published by Tengen (without a Nintendo license), but it switched publishing duties to Jaleco (which the company granted a Nintendo license), and the SNES and PC versions were published by Electronic Arts.

The arcade version of Rampart is also included in the Midway Arcade Treasures compilation, available for the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox and PlayStation Portable consoles, and the Midway Arcade Origins compilation, available for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.^[5] It was also included with Gauntlet on the Game Boy Advance.

Most of the home versions of Rampart change the game in non-trivial ways. The Japanese (NES) Famicom version, which was released by Konami, includes 7 training levels and 3 difficulty settings. It also features an extensive multiplayer mode for two people. Many options can be chosen, such as the number of cannons to start with and so on. There are also several open-source games based on the gameplay of Rampart, such as Kajaani Kombat and Castle Combat.

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A PlayStation 3 port was released on the PlayStation Network on May 10, 2007. This download is no longer available for purchase. Although it is mostly identical to the arcade version, it also supports internet multiplayer play.^[6] Games based on Rampart are also available for iOS devices, such as Hostile Tides.^[7] Wacky wavy inflatable tube man extreme mac os.

Reception[edit]

Coin runner (lukas) mac os. In Japan, Game Machine listed Rampart on their June 1, 1991 issue as being the seventh most-successful table arcade unit of the year.^[8]

Legacy[edit]

Rampart influenced the first tower defense games around a decade later. Energy casino promo code. Gameplay similarities include defending a territory by erecting defensive structures, and making repairs between multiple rounds of attacks.^[2][9]

References[edit]

1. ^'Rampart - Videogame by Atari Games'.
2. ^ ^abLuke Mitchell (2008-06-22). 'Tower Defense: Bringing the genre back'. PALGN. Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
3. ^Ryan Rigney (2013-06-11). 'Even the Best Tower Defense Games Are Just Plain Boring | WIRED'.
4. ^MegaTech review, EMAP, issue 13
5. ^http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/midway-arcade-origins-review
6. ^Jeff Gerstmann (2007-05-11). 'Rampart Review'. GameSpot. Retrieved 2019-08-11.
7. ^Jared Nelson (2011-08-11). 'Zen Wars Review'. toucharcade.com. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
8. ^'Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25 - テーブル型TVゲーム機 (Table Videos)'. Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 404. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 June 1991. p. 25.
9. ^Nick Suttner (2008-02-01). 'PixelJunk Monsters Review'. 1up.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2008-12-24.

External links[edit]

• Rampart at MobyGames
• Rampart at the Killer List of Videogames
• Rampart at the Arcade History database

It was two decades ago to the day—March 24, 2001—that Mac OS X first became available to users the world over. Online jacks or better. We're not always big on empty sentimentality here at Ars, but the milestone seemed worthy of a quick note.

But despite its double life on x86 and ARM processors and its increasingly close ties to iOS and iPadOS, today's macOS is still very much a direct descendant of that original Mac OS X release. Mac OS X, in turn, evolved in part from Steve Jobs' NeXT operating system—which had recently been acquired by Apple—and its launch was the harbinger of the second Jobs era at Apple.

Cheetah, Mac OS X's initial release, was pretty buggy. But it introduced a number of things that are still present in the operating system today. Those included the dock, which—despite some refinements and added features—is still fundamentally the same now as it ever was, as well as the modern version of Finder. Slingo online free. And while macOS has seen a number of UI and design tweaks that have changed over time, the footprints of Cheetah's much-hyped Aqua interface can still be found all over Big Sur.

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OS X brought many new features and technologies we now take for granted, too. For example, it enabled Apple's laptops to wake up from sleep immediately, and it introduced dynamic memory management, among other things.

Mac OS X's greatest impact in retrospect may be in the role it had in inspiring and propping up iOS, which has far surpassed macOS as Apple's most widely used operating system. And indeed, macOS lives in a very different context today than it did in 2001. It was recently bumped from the No.2 operating system spot globally by Google's Chrome OS, ending a very long run for Mac OS as the world's second-most popular desktop operating system in terms of units shipped.

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So while Mac OS X's influence is profound, it exists today primarily as a support for iOS, which is also itself not the most popular OS in its category. Despite Apple's resounding success in the second Steve Jobs era, as well as in the recent Tim Cook era, the Mac is still a relatively niche platform—beloved by some, but skipped by much of the mainstream.

After 20 years, a lot has changed, but a whole lot has stayed the same.